1. You await hot. What take you lot been doing (you lot/practice)? - I (run). - Running in this heat? How far (you/run)? - Most ten miles.
ii. What�due south the problem? Y'all look a scrap preoccupied. - Yeah, I (think) well-nigh Helen. - Why? Is there something incorrect with her? - Well, she (human activity) then strangely lately. - In what manner? - Well, some days when she arrives at piece of work, I know that she (cry). And she (make) private calls when nosotros�re all out at lunch. I merely think that something�s going on. -...(you/talk) to her about it yet? - Yes, a few times, and each time she (say) that there�s nothing wrong but I�m not so certain.
three. Where (you/be), Simon? - I (talk) to Mark on the phone. He says he (try) to telephone us all 24-hour interval. - Well, I (be) in virtually of the 24-hour interval merely I (not hear) the phone. - That�s strange. Just anyhow, he (have) a phone call from Jackie�southward mother and Jackie (be) in some kind of accident. It�s nil very serious simply she�s got to stay in hospital overnight. - Oh dear. ...(she/interruption) whatsoever basic? - I�k not quite sure how badly she (exist hurt), but I call up we should go and encounter her this evening.
Exercise 45
Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: the present perfect or the present perfect progressive.
1. Peter: Yous (phone) for ages. You not well-nigh (terminate)?
Jack: I (non go) through even so. I (try) to become out Paris office only the line (be) engaged all morn.
2. Ann (fail) her driving examination three times because she�s so bad at reversing. Only she (practise) reversing for the last week and I recall she (get) a bit meliorate at information technology.
3. Tom: I oftentimes (wonder) why Bill left the land so suddenly.
Peter: Actually, I only (notice) out.
4. He (play) the bagpipes since six o�clock this morning. He only just (stop).
v. Tom (looking up absent-minded-mindedly as Mary comes in): You lot (sunbathe)?
Mary (crossly): Don�t be ridiculous! Information technology (pelting) all day!
6. A pair of robins (build) a nest in the porch since concluding week. I (Watch them from my window since they began.
seven. Someone (use) my umbrella! It�southward all moisture! And it was moisture yesterday and the day before! -Well, it wasn�t me. I (not be) out of the business firm for a calendar week.
8. The police (not find) the murderer all the same, but the dead man�southward brother (be) in the station all day. The law say that he (help) them with their enquiries.
9. They (pull) down most of the houses in this street, but they (non touch) the old shop at the corner yet.
x. Tom is convinced that there is gold in these hills merely we *search) for vi months and (non run across) whatsoever sign of it.
eleven. I (expect) for the prices of the houses to come down before buying a house, simply I think I (wait) too long and the prices are starting time to become up again.
12. Peter (exist) a junior clerk for three years. Lately he (wait) for a better post but so far he (non notice) anything.
xiii. I (exercise) housework all morning and I (non cease) yet. - I (do) mine already. I always starting time at 6 a. m.
14. I just (pick) 10 pounds of strawberries! I (abound) strawberries for years simply I never (take) such a good crop earlier.
15. What you (do) with the corkscrew? The point is broken off. - I�yard afraid I (utilise) information technology to make holes in this tin.
16. She just (sell) two of her own paintings. - She�south lucky. I (paint) for 5 years and I (not sell) a unmarried picture yet.
17. They are throwing crockery at each other in the next flat. - This (happen) before? - Well, they (take) a expert many rows but this ios the beginning time they (throw) crockery.
18. What y'all (do) with my typewriter? I tin�t find it anywhere. - Tom just (go) off with it. He says he�ll bring it back when he (finish).
19. He works for Crow Brothers for twoscore years and never in one case (be) tardily. The firm just (nowadays) him with a gilt watch as a sign of their appreciation.
20. Nosotros (mend) sheets all morn but we but (practise) 3, and at present the sewing machine (break) down so we�ll exist even slower with the next one.
21. George (collect) matchboxes aver since he left schoolhouse. At present he (collect) so many that due east doesn�t know where to put them.
22. I (wait) through my former photograph album. It�due south full of photographs of people whose names I completely (forget). I wonder what (happen) to them all.
23. It was lovely at eleven o�clock, only since then the heaven (get) steadily darker and the air current (ascent). I�m afraid the fine spell (come) to an end.
24. Since he became Mayor, my brother reckons that he (consume) 30 official lunches and 22 official dinners, and he (lose) count of the number of receptions and parties that he (attend).-He (put) on a lot of weight?
25. Secretarial assistant: Customers (ring) up all morn complaining most getting incorrect bills.
Manager: I know; something (become) incorrect with our reckoner. The mechanic (work) on information technology. I hope he (find) out what is wrong.
Exercise 46
Put the verbs in brackets into the past unproblematic, present perfect or the present perfect progressive.
Andrew and Michael, ii friends, are talking.
| A: | Hello, I haven�t seen (not run across) y'all for ages. |
| 1000: | No, it must be about two years since we final (meet). What (you lot/do) with yourself? |
| A: | I (do) all sorts of things. Life (be) very busy lately. I (start) a new chore at the sailing centre. |
| M: | Really? Doing what? |
| A: | I (teach) beginners� courses to school groups this term but when those (finish), I�ll exist teaching more advanced groups on holiday courses. |
| Chiliad: | That sounds great. What near your former task at the tourist office then? |
| A: | Well, I (work) in that location for 10 years and I quite (enjoy) the job just I (want) to practise something different. I (always/enjoy) sailing in my spare time so I (call back) it would exist nice to practice information technology for a job. |
| M: | So how long (you/be) at the sailing center? |
| A: | For most two months now. I�1000 certain I (do) the right thing. It�south a really enjoyable job. And what about you? |
| One thousand: | Well, I�m still at the Rembrandt Hotel. I (piece of work) in that location for fifteen years now. But I (have) a promotion, then that�due south expert. They (give) me the chore of head receptionist. |
| A: | Oh, that�due south good news. |
| M: | Yes, it (brand) me experience much better about work. I mean, I (practise) a lot of different jobs at the hotel just I (never have) a chore with this much responsibleness before. I (piece of work) on the reception desk for four years when I (starting time) at the hotel - that was before they (motility) me into the office - only I (be) only a inferior receptionist then and then I just (practise) what I (be told) to exercise. |
| A: | So when (yous/go) the new job? |
| M: | A month ago, later (pass) my intermediate exams in Spanish and German at the college. Did you lot know I (do) language evening classes at the college for a while at present? |
| A: | No, I didn�t realise. |
| 1000: | Yes, I (decide) that I (cannot go) any further at piece of work without learning some languages. |
| A: | And then you did! What a good idea. |
Section VI. Past Perfect Progressive
Chart 16. PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
Exercise 47
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past perfect and by perfect progressive.
He (place)a moving-picture show on the easel and (let) me await at it for a minute or two; so he (have) information technology downwardly and (put) some other in its identify. He (show) me most xxx canvases. It (be) the event of the half dozen years during which he (paint).He never (sell) a moving-picture show. The canvases (be) of different sizes. The smaller (be) pictures of notwithstanding-life and the largest (exist) the landscapes. There (be) nearly half a dozen portraits.
Do 48
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past progressive, past perfect and by perfect progressive.
1. She (accept) the package from me and (sit) downward on the floor to open up it. His optics (smile) now. She (lift) out the doll and (look) at me. �Information technology�s very pretty,� she (say).
two. At that place (be) simply i audio to exist heard in the street, merely no sooner Mr. Manning (hear) information technology than he (quicken) his pace at once.
three. She (turn) the calorie-free back on, (lie) on the sofa and (take) up the book she (read).
four. For a moment subsequently the door (shut) softly behind their son, Mr. Tarantino and Mrs. Tarantino merely (stand) and (look) at each other.
5 He (let) the border of the blind fall and, stepping down from the bench on which he (stand) (walk) out of the room.
6. We (sit) around silently for a moment, each trying to think of some possibility nosotros (overlook).
7. His secretary (accept) the paper from the tabular array where he (put) it, and (go) out.
eight. Information technology (be) nigh midnight when they (come) in from dinner, all the same laughing at something he (say) in the dining-room.
ix. At that place (be) a silence. Andrew (sit) still for a moment. The situation (be) worse even that he (imagine).
10. Lester (sit) down in his easy-chair by the window after his brother (go) and (gaze) ruminantly out over the flourishing metropolis.
11. She (get) to her feet, (slip) into her coat, and (go) to the door, when she (open) information technology, she (look) dorsum at her mother.
12. Irene (stand) past the piano, she (take) off her hat and a lace scarf she (wear), so that her gold-coloured pilus (exist) visible.
13. Nosotros (shake) easily. I (feel) so shy that I could think of nothing to say, but Mrs. Manning (come) to my rescue. She (inquire) me what I (practice) with myself during the summertime, and with this help I (manage) to make some chat.
14. Information technology (be) 2 o�clock. Eliza (be) suddenly thoroughly awake. She (sit) up in her bed and (circle) her knees with her arms. It (pelting), the way information technology (rain) for days.
fifteen. When Fleur and her father (go) upwardly, Michael (light) a cigarette and (pass) back into the �parlour�. He (sit) down at the clavicord.
16. John (exist) happier than he (be) since he (land) in the New World three and a one-half years ago.
17. At this moment the curtain (go) up again. Since Laurie Anderson (not appear), Soames (exist) obliged to keep awake.
18. When he (attain) Andrew, whom he (encounter) one-half way down the street, he (give) a theatrical beginning of recognition.
xix. Sue (look) at me with those pleasant eyes of hers, which (exist) every bit sympathetic as they (exist) more than twenty years earlier.
20. They (gallop) back along the rails. The sun (get) down even faster than he (think), the air (abound) common cold, the low-cal grey.
21. In his plow Jolyon (look) back at his son. He (want) to talk most many things that he (exist) unable to talk about all these years.
22. The teacher (rise) from her seat and (go) among the children, helping them with gentle words and telling them the mistakes they (brand).
23. They (drink) hot coffee from the thermos Sandy (bring).
24. She (be) at the station after all, standing just as he (imagine), autonomously from the others.
25. When she (finish) her unproblematic tale, for she hardly (be) abroad from dwelling house, there (exist) silence, till John (say): �It�south half past 7 but.�
26. He only (finish) his work and with a mild sense of achievement (write) the label when the surgery bong (band), the outer door (swing) open, and a short, powerfully thickest cherry-faced human being of 30 (stroll) in, followed by a dog.
27. That evening Denny (arrive) as he (promise), for supper. He (bring) a message from Hope, who (ring) him from Cambridge, to say that he (be) unable to become to London that evening.
Practise 49
Put the verbs in brackets into the by simple and past perfect progressive.
1. Jack (clench) the pencil he (use).
two. He (know) from the redness of her eyes, in that location (exist) times she (cry).
3. Turning away, Gwen (move) to close the cupboard Demerest (look) into.
four. Through the open window he could run across the chair where Eliza (sit) the previous night.
five. He (look) upwards again after Mr. Oakroyd (stand) there a minute of ii.
6. He (sit) down opposite her and (lift) the large drinking glass of lycopersicon esculentum juice out of the ice in which it (rest).
vii. Then he (mind) graciously when Mrs. Manning (venture) to put the question which (revolve) in her listen all the afternoon.
8. Advisedly she (close) the magazine, turning down the corner of the folio that she (read).
Practice 50
Put the verbs in brackets into the past elementary, past progressive and past perfect progressive.
1. That evening, that Monday evening, I (get) a phone call when I (eat) dinner at the club.
ii. My sister�s altogether (exist) the only thing everyone (talk) at home for the last two weeks.
3. I (go) back to the hotel and up to my room, where I (expect) my parents at half dozen-thirty.
4. Presently he (turn) to greet her, who (stand) at his elbow.
v. Scarlett, who (fan) herself with a turkey-tail fan, (cease) abruptly.
half dozen. He simply (leave) for the airport when Dip (call).
7. What are you lot thinking of? - he (ask) after he (look) at me for a few seconds.
8. At 9 in the morning she (stand) on the steps in front of the hotel, shivering in a linen apparel.
9. He (not say) where he (sleep) and (have) the appearance of not having slept at all.
Exercise 51
Put the verbs in brackets into the by simple, past progressive, by perfect and past perfect progressive.
ane. He (leave) a message that he (call).
2. A swain who (stand) on the pavement (come) forward.
3. She (see) her daughter�s eyes, but (seem) non to hear what she (say).
4. A fellow at whose anxiety she (sit), (rise) and (stand) before Michael.
five. He again (come) to the hamlet where he (live) in babyhood.
6. They (be) silent a moment. She (wait) for him to speak.
7. James (render) to the book he (read) when his parents (enter).
eight. The town (be) not large, but he (not be) sorry he (come) here.
9. Michael (become) dorsum into the drawing-room. Fleur (stand up) virtually the window.
10. I (endeavor) to call back what I (exercise) during that time.
eleven. When their company (leave) John and his female parent (stand up) without speaking.
12. When he (dress) he (go) downstairs, (write) a long alphabetic character to his parents and some other to his sis.
13. �You are welcome,� she (say) and (walk) back to where she (sit) with her little son.
14. When he (come) home, he (come across) that something (happen) to his girl.
15. While he (read) this notice a middle-aged woman (appear) in the doorway.
16. She (sit) at the table simply five minutes when a car (come).
17. Their male parent (exist) still silent, fifty-fifty when they (have) coffee.
18. Eighteen years (go) since he first (go) into this house.
xix. John (wait) until Eliza and her brothers (go).
twenty. The iii (sit down) downward to the meal that Susan (prepare).
21. I (not exist) here ten minutes before they (come) in.
Do 52
Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple, past perfect and by perfect progressive.
1. He (give) me back the book, (thank) me for lending information technology to him and (say) that he (bask) information technology very much; simply I (know) that he (not read) information technology because most of the pages (be) all the same uncut.
2. When he (encounter) his married woman off at the station, he (return) home as he (not have) to be at the drome till nine:30.
3. He (not have) to pack, for his wife already (do) that for him and his case (be) ready in the hall.
four. He (not have) to cheque the doors and windows either, for his wife always (practise) that before she (exit) the house.
v. All he (have) to do (exist) to determine whether or not to take his overcoat with him. In the end he (decide) not to.
half-dozen. At 8:30 he (pick) up his instance, (go) out of the house and (slam) the door behind him.
7. So he (feel) in his pockets for the primal, his wife (remind) him to double-lock the front door.
viii. When he (search) all his pockets and (observe) no primal he (think) where it (be).
nine. He (go out) it in his overcoat pocket.
10. And then he (retrieve) something else; his passport and tickets (exist) in his overcoat pocket likewise.
11. I (arrive) in England in the middle of July. I (be told) that England (be) shrouded in fog all year round, so I (be) quite surprised to notice that it was merely raining.
12. I (inquire) another passenger, an Englishman, most the fog and he (say) that there (not exist) any fog since the previous February.
13. If I (desire) fog, he said, I (come) at quite the incorrect fourth dimension.
14. However, he (tell) me that I could buy tinned fog at a shop in Shaftesbury Artery.
fifteen. He (acknowledge) that he never (buy) fog there himself but (assure) me that they (sell) skillful quality fog and that it (not be) expensive. I suppose he was joking.
16. When the old lady (render) to her flat she (encounter) at once that burglars (break) in during her absence, because the front door (be) open up and everything in the flat (be) upside down.
17. The burglars themselves (exist) no longer in that location, simply they probably only only (leave) because a cigarette was still burning on an ornamental table.
18. Probably they (hear) the lift coming up and (run) downwards the fire escape.
19. They (help) themselves to her whisky too only there (exist) a little left, so she (pour) herself out a drink.
20. She (wonder) if they (observe) her jewellery and rather (promise) that they had.
21. The jewellery (be given) her past her husband, who (die) some years earlier.
22. Since his death she (not have) the heart to clothing it, all the same she (not like) to sell information technology.
23. Now information technology (seem) that fate (have) the matter out of her easily, and certainly the insurance money would come in handy.
24. I (put) the $5 annotation into 1 of my books, merely next day it (take) me ages to find it because I (forget) which book I (put) information technology into.
25. A woman (come up) in with a baby, who she (say) simply (swallow) a safety pin.
26. I (think) my railroad train (get out) at 14:33, and (be) very disappointed when I (get in) at 14:thirty and (learn) that it simply (get out).
27. I (find) later that I (use) an out-of-date timetable.
28. He (park) his car nether a No Parking sign and (rush) into the store. When he (come) out of the store ten minutes afterwards his motorcar (be) no longer there.
29. He (wonder) if someone (steal) it or if the police (drive) it away.
thirty. It (be) now half-dozen p. m.; and Jack (be) tired because he (work) hard all day.
31. He (be) too hungry because he (have) nothing to consume since breakfast.
32. His wife ordinarily (bring) him sandwiches at lunch time, only today for some reason she (non come up).
33. He (continue) looking at her, wondering where he (encounter) her before.
34. I (look) out before I (go) to bed and (run across) a man standing on the contrary pavement watching the business firm.
35. When I (get up) the post-obit morning time he (exist) still at that place, and I (wonder) whether he (stay) there all night or of he (go) away and (come) back.
Section 7. Futurity Forms
Future with will
This is besides referred to as the future uncomplicated or simple futurity tense.
will (�ll) + bare infinitive: I will (I'll) go, etc.
Brusk form of will not: won't
Employ
� To brand a statement of fact or a prediction nearly the future: Mary will exist hither tomorrow. Tonight's program will exist very interesting.
� To make formal announcements of future plans and to present weather forecasts. It is therefore oft used in newspapers and on the boob tube and radio.
The new President will motion into the White Business firm tomorrow. Rain will continue throughout the 24-hour interval.
� To express hopes, expectations, thoughts about the future. Used after verbs like: assume, believe, incertitude, look, hope, reckon, suppose, think an6 be certain/afraid and with adverbs like perhaps, possibly, probably, definitely.
I expect they'll be here soon.
Do you think she'll bring her beau with her?
� In sentences containing clauses of status or time: //" / get that chore, I'll go out and celebrate. I'll phone you lot when I go at that place.
� To express an intention when the decision is made at the time of speaking.
a: At that place isn't any milk left. a: Oh, isn't there? I'll go some in town. I'thou going there later.
� To express the thought of willingness:
I�fifty 50 exercise it for you lot, I hope, (promise)
Volition you lot open up the window, please? (request)
I�ll l ook after the children for you. (offer)
He won't come with me. (refusal)
Yes. I�ll come with you lot. (agreement)
I�ll definitely tell him the truth this time. (determination)
Terminate that or I� ll call the constabulary. (threat).
� To brand offers or suggestions or to ask for suggestions, communication. instructions.
Employ Shall I/we. in the Question grade.
Shall I aid you with that? (offer)
Shall we invite them circular for dinner? (suggestion)
What shall I do?
Shall we come round later on dinner?
Annotation The utilize of shall
� In spoken English. shall is nigh often used in the question form with I or we to brand offers or suggestions or to ask for suggestions, advice, instructions.
Shall I come up with you?
What shall nosotros practice tomorrow?
� Shall is occasionally used to limited potent determination nigh oneself or someone else.
I shall go anyway.
I don't intendance what you think.
I shan't let him bello me.
You shall have whatever you lot want.
� Shall tin can be used in the same way as volition in the outset person only volition is more common.
In spoken English, the contraction � ll is the well-nigh common. Shall is used more frequently in formal written English language than in informal written or spoken English.
We shall brand every effort to answer your inquiry every bit shortly as possible.
I shall exist at the airport to meet you in person.
Exercise 53
Complete the following sentences with volition/�ll or shall/�ll and a verb from the box.
Offer make tell have buy drop launder announce receive be sentenced phone behave exist invite go
1. I'k distressing about losing that book. I�ll purchase y'all another one next week.
ii. I ane of those cases for you lot.
3. The temperature .. significantly during the afternoon.
4. .. you .. me when you get the news? You've got my number, haven't you lot?
5. The Chancellor .. the details of the budget at 10 o'clock tomorrow.
vi. ..we.. her the truth near what happened?
seven. I look they .. here soon.
8. You lot .. your exam results by post during the first few days of Baronial.
9. I.. not .. them here again, whatever y'all say.
ten. If he is found guilty, he .. to life imprisonment.
eleven. I.. never .. the aforementioned fault again.
12. ..we.. for a swim this afternoon?
13. They definitely .. not .. me the job: I had a terrible interview.
I .. these plates?
15. I'thousand determined that he everything he wants.
Exercise 54
Put the verbs in brackets into the time to come unproblematic. Watch the utilise of the futurity simple tense.
1. I (know) the event in a calendar week.
2. Yous (exist) in Rome this evening.
three. You (have) time to help me tomorrow? iv.
Exercise y'all think that he (recognise) me?
five. I promise I (detect) information technology.
6. I (call up) this day all my life.
7. Possibly he (arrive) in time for lunch.
8. I am sure that yous (like) our new business firm.
9. I promise he (remember) to buy bread.
10. I wonder how many of usa withal (exist) here next year.
11. Jack (exist) twenty years one-time adjacent week.
12. I (get) up early tomorrow.
thirteen. The mother (accept) her babe to the doctor tomorrow.
14. Nosotros (have) a holiday next calendar week.
15. Mary and her sister (habiliment) their new dresses tomorrow.
16. I (practice) my homework this night.
17. She (stay) at home tomorrow.
18. I (see) my mother this evening.
19. Where the children (become) in the summer vacation? � They (go) to the seaside.
20. They (stay) with united states next Christmas.
Chart 17. Will Versus Be Going to
| To express a PREDICTION - either Will or Be GOING TO is used: |
| a) According to the weather condition report, information technology will be cloudy tomorrow. b) According to the weather condition written report, it is going to be cloudy tomorrow. c) Be careful! You� ll hurt yourself! d) Watch out! Yous� re going to hurt yourself! | When the speaker is making a prediction (a statement virtually something s/he thinks will be truthful or will occur in the future,), either will or be going to is possible. There is no difference in pregnant between (a) and (b). In that location is no deviation in pregnant between (c ) and (d). |
| To limited a PRIOR PLAN - only Exist GOING TO is used: |
| due east) A: Why did you lot buy this pigment? B: I� m going to paint my bedchamber tomorrow. f) I talked to Bob yesterday. He is tired of taking the bus to work. He is going to buy a car. That�south what he told me. | When the speaker is expressing a prior programme (something the speaker intends to do in the hereafter because in the past south/he has made a programme or decision to do it), only be going to is used.* In (f): The speaker knows Bob�south intention to buy a car. Bob made the determination in the past and he intends to act on this decision in the future. Will is not advisable in (e) and (f). |
| To express WILLINGNESS - just Will is used: |
| g) A: The phone�s ringing. B: I� ll get information technology h) A: I don�t sympathize this trouble. B: Ask your teacher most it. She� ll help yous. | In (g): B. is maxim: �I am willing, I am happy to get the phone.� He is not making a prediction. He has fabricated no prior programme to answer the phone. He is, instead, volunteering to reply the telephone and uses will to show his willingness. In (h): B. feels sure near the teacher�s willingness to help. Exist going to is non appropriate in (k) and (h). |
*COMPARE:
State of affairs 1: A: Are you busy this evening?
B: Yes. I�m going to meet Jack at the library at seven We�re going to study together.
In situation 1, only be going to is possible. The speaker has a prior plan, so he uses exist going to.
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